What is the function of the `.bashrc` file?

The .bashrc file is primarily used to configure user environment settings for interactive non-login Bash shells. When a user opens a new terminal session or runs a new instance of an interactive shell, the .bashrc file is executed to set up the shell environment. This includes defining environment variables, aliases, shell options, and functions that enhance the user's command-line experience.

The .bashrc file does not execute for login shells; that task is typically handled by other startup files like .bash_profile or .profile. Additionally, the file does not serve the purpose of storing user passwords, as user authentication is managed securely through different mechanisms and files such as /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow. Handling system startup processes is the role of configuration files related to system initialization, rather than user shell configuration.

In summary, the .bashrc file is crucial for customizing the environment in non-login interactive shells, making it easy for users to set personal preferences and manage their command-line behavior effectively.